Maha Kumbh Mela 2013

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Kumbh Mela ( Devanagari: कुम्भ मेला) is a mass Hindu pilgrimage of faith in which Hindus gather at a sacred river for a bath in the river. It is held every third year at one of the four places by rotation: Haridwar, PRAYAG (Allahabad), Nasik and Ujjain. Thus the Kumbh Mela is held at each of these four places every twelfth year. Ardh ("Half") Kumbh Mela is held at only two places, Haridwar and PRAYAG (Allahabad), every sixth year. The rivers at these four places are: the Ganges (Ganga) at Haridwar, the confluence (Sangam) of the Ganges and the Yamuna at PRAYAG, the Godawari at Nasik, and the Shipra at Ujjain.

Kumbh means a pitcher and Mela means fair in Hindi. The pilgrimage is held for about one and a half months at each of these four places where it is believed in Hinduism that drops of nectar fell from the Kumbh carried by gods after the sea was churned. The festival is billed as the "biggest gathering on Earth". There is no scientific method of ascertaining the number of pilgrims even approximately and the estimates of the number of pilgrims bathing on the most auspicious day may vary very widely from two to eight million depending upon the team(s) of persons making the estimate and the rough method of making the estimate.


Places : Kumbh Mela takes place every twelve years at one of the four places: PRAYAG (Allahabad), Haridwar, Ujjain and Nashik. The Mela alternates between Nasik, PRAYAG (Allahabad), Ujjain and Haridwar every third year. The Ardh (half) Kumbh Mela is celebrated every six years at only two places, Haridwar and PRAYAG (Allahabad).

In 2001, more than 40 million gathered on the busiest of its 55 days.

According to the Mela Administration's estimates, around 70 million people participated in the 45-day Ardh Kumbh Mela in PRAYAG (Allahabad), in 2007.

The last "Kumbh Mela" held in 2010 in Haridwar was estimated by the authorities to have attracted between 30 and 70 million people.

The current Maha Kumbh Mela began on 14 January 2013 at PRAYAGA (Allahabad). According to expectations more than 100 million people will attend the 2013 Kumbha mela.

The next Kumbhamela will be held at Ujjain (MP) on the bank of the river Shipra in 2016. The Kumbh at Ujjain is also called "Simhastha".

Kumbh Mela is organized every three years on a rotation basis of PRAYAG (Allahabad), Nashik, Haridwar and Ujjain.

Kumbha Mela: Held at all four places.
Ardha Kumbha Mela: Held at Haridwar and PRAYAGA (Allahabad), every 6 years.
Purna Kumbha Mela: Held only at PRAYAGA, every 12 years.
Maha Kumbha Mela: Held only at PRAYAGA, every 144 years.



Timing : The Triveni Sangam, or the intersection of Yamuna River and Ganges River and the mythical Sarasvati River, where devotees perform rituals.
Kumbh Mela is celebrated at different locations depending on the position of the planet of Bṛhaspati (Jupiter) and the sun. When Jupiter and the sun are in the zodiac sign Leo (Simha Rashi) it is held in Trimbakeshwar, Nashik; when the sun is in Aries (Mesha Rashi) it is celebrated at Haridwar; when Jupiter is in Taurus (Vrishabha Rashi ) and the sun is in Capricorn (Makar Rashi) Kumbha Mela is celebrated at PRAYAG; and Jupiter and the sun are in Scorpio (Vrishchik Rashi) the Mela is celebrated at Ujjain. Each site's celebration dates are calculated in advance according to a special combination of zodiacal positions of Sun, Moon, and Jupiter.


History : The first written evidence of the Kumbha Mela can be found in the accounts of Chinese traveler, Huan Tsang or Xuanzang (602–664 A.D.) who visited India in 629–645 CE, during the reign of King Harshavardhana.However, similar observances date back many centuries, where the river festivals first started getting organised. According to medieval Hindu theology, its origin is found in one of the most popular medieval puranas, the Bhagavata Purana. The Samudra manthan episode (Churning of the ocean of milk), is mentioned in the Bhagavata Purana, Vishnu Purana, the Mahabharata, and the Ramayana.

The account goes that the demigods had lost their strength by the curse of Durväsä Muni, and to regain it, they approached Lord Brahma and Lord Shiva. They directed all the demigods to the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Lord Vishnu (full story on kumbh mela) and after praying to Lord Vishnu, he instructed them to churn the ocean of milk Ksheera Sagara (primordial ocean of milk) to receive amrita (the nectar of immortality). This required them to make a temporary agreement with their arch enemies, the demons or Asuras, to work together with a promise of sharing the wealth equally thereafter.However, when the Kumbha (urn) containing the amrita appeared, a fight ensued. For twelve days and twelve nights (equivalent to twelve human years) the gods and demons fought in the sky for the pot of amrita. It is believed that during the battle, Lord Vishnu (incarnated as Mohini-Mürti) flew away with the Kumbha of elixir spilling drops of amrita at four places: PRAYAG (Allahabad), Haridwar, Ujjain and Nashik.